Pregnancy Complications
Preterm Labour & Cervical Insufficiency
When labour begins before 37 weeks, or when the cervix opens too early, putting the baby at risk of premature birth.
What is Preterm Labour & Cervical Insufficiency?
Preterm labour is the onset of regular contractions that cause cervical changes before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Cervical insufficiency (also called cervical incompetence) is a condition where the cervix begins to dilate without contractions, often in the second trimester. Both can lead to premature birth, which carries significant risks for the baby depending on how early delivery occurs.
Why is it a Concern?
Premature babies face challenges including breathing difficulties, feeding problems, temperature regulation issues, and increased risk of long-term developmental concerns. The earlier the delivery, the greater these risks. Identifying and managing preterm labour risk early can help prolong pregnancy and improve outcomes.
Signs & Symptoms
- Regular contractions before 37 weeks (tightening every 10 minutes or more frequently)
- Persistent lower back pain or pressure
- Pelvic pressure — feeling the baby is pushing down
- Abdominal cramps (with or without diarrhoea)
- Change in vaginal discharge — watery, mucus-like, or bloody
- Leaking fluid from the vagina
How It is Monitored
Cervical length assessment by transvaginal ultrasound is a key screening tool for preterm birth risk. Women identified as high-risk may receive progesterone supplementation, cervical cerclage (a stitch to support the cervix), or pessary placement. Fetal fibronectin testing can help assess short-term delivery risk.
Why See an MFM Specialist?
MFM specialists are trained in the nuanced assessment of preterm birth risk, including interpreting cervical length measurements, deciding when intervention is warranted, and managing the delicate balance between prolonging pregnancy and recognising when delivery is safer.
Dr. Kartik Balaraman Manages This Condition
Dr. Kartik provides comprehensive preterm birth risk assessment and management, including cervical length screening and intervention where indicated. Contact Dr. Kartik if you have a history of preterm birth or are experiencing symptoms.
Book ConsultationFrequently Asked Questions
Can preterm labour be stopped?
In some cases, medications (tocolytics) can temporarily slow or stop contractions, allowing time for steroid injections to mature the baby's lungs. However, the effectiveness depends on how advanced the labour is.
What is a cervical cerclage?
A cervical cerclage is a stitch placed around the cervix to help keep it closed. It's typically recommended for women with cervical insufficiency or a history of second-trimester loss.
If I had a preterm birth before, will it happen again?
A previous preterm birth does increase your risk, but proactive management — including progesterone, cervical monitoring, and early intervention — can significantly reduce the chance of recurrence.
When is a baby considered premature?
A baby born before 37 weeks is considered preterm. Late preterm (34–36 weeks) generally has good outcomes; babies born earlier need more specialist neonatal care.
What does cervical length screening involve?
It's a short transvaginal ultrasound measuring the closed portion of the cervix. It's painless, takes a few minutes, and is the most reliable way to assess preterm birth risk.
Related Conditions
High-Risk Pregnancy
A pregnancy that requires closer monitoring due to factors that increase the chance of complications for the mother or baby.
Twin & Multiple Pregnancies
Pregnancies with two or more babies require specialist monitoring due to increased complexity.
Abnormal Amniotic Fluid
Too much or too little amniotic fluid around the baby, which can indicate underlying complications.
Reviewed by Dr. Kartik Balaraman, Consultant OBGYN & Maternal Fetal Medicine Sub-Specialist ·
This page is for general education and does not replace personalised medical advice. If you have concerns about your pregnancy or health, consult a qualified specialist directly.