Pre-eclampsia & Hypertension

What is Pre-eclampsia & Hypertension?

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterised by high blood pressure and signs of organ involvement, most commonly affecting the kidneys and liver. It typically develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy and can range from mild to severe. Gestational hypertension — high blood pressure without organ involvement — can also develop during pregnancy and may progress to pre-eclampsia. Both conditions require close monitoring because they can affect blood flow to the placenta and the baby's growth.

Why is it a Concern?

Unmanaged pre-eclampsia can lead to serious complications including seizures (eclampsia), stroke, organ failure, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity worldwide. Early detection and management are critical to reducing these risks.

Signs & Symptoms

• High blood pressure readings (140/90 or above)
• Protein in the urine
• Severe headaches that don't respond to medication
• Visual disturbances — blurring, flashing lights, or spots
• Upper abdominal pain, especially under the ribs
• Sudden swelling of the face, hands, or feet
• Nausea or vomiting in the second half of pregnancy

How It is Monitored

Monitoring involves regular blood pressure checks, urine tests for protein, blood tests to assess kidney and liver function, and ultrasound scans to monitor fetal growth and placental blood flow. In severe cases, hospital admission may be required for continuous monitoring.

Why See an MFM Specialist?

An MFM specialist is trained to distinguish between mild and severe forms of hypertensive disease in pregnancy, to interpret complex Doppler ultrasound findings, and to make time-sensitive decisions about when to deliver — balancing the risks of prematurity against the risks of continuing the pregnancy.