Fetal Conditions
Fetal Structural Anomalies
When a detailed scan identifies a structural difference in the baby's development.
What is Fetal Structural Anomalies?
Fetal structural anomalies are physical differences in a baby's development that can be detected on ultrasound. They range from minor variations that resolve on their own to significant conditions that may require postnatal surgery or ongoing medical care. Common anomalies include heart defects, kidney abnormalities, cleft lip or palate, spina bifida, and limb differences. The detailed anomaly scan at 18–22 weeks is the primary screening tool.
Why is it a Concern?
The significance depends entirely on the type and severity of the anomaly. Some require no intervention; others need planned delivery at a hospital with neonatal surgical capabilities. Early diagnosis allows families time to prepare, seek counselling, and plan the birth in the most appropriate setting.
Signs & Symptoms
- Abnormal findings on the 20-week anomaly scan
- Abnormal first-trimester screening results
- Increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester
- Polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios (abnormal amniotic fluid levels)
- Family history of structural anomalies
How It is Monitored
Following an initial finding, a detailed specialist ultrasound is performed to characterise the anomaly. Additional investigations may include fetal echocardiography, MRI, or genetic testing (amniocentesis or non-invasive prenatal testing). Follow-up scans monitor progression, and delivery is planned at an appropriate facility.
Why See an MFM Specialist?
MFM specialists have advanced ultrasound training to accurately diagnose and characterise fetal anomalies. They can counsel families about prognosis, coordinate with paediatric specialists, and plan delivery to optimise neonatal outcomes.
Dr. Kartik Balaraman Manages This Condition
Dr. Kartik provides expert fetal anomaly assessment and counselling for families facing an unexpected diagnosis. If an anomaly has been identified, Dr. Kartik can provide a detailed evaluation and guide next steps.
Book ConsultationFrequently Asked Questions
Does an abnormal scan always mean something is wrong?
Not always. Some findings are 'soft markers' that often resolve on their own. Your specialist will distinguish between significant findings and normal variations.
What happens after an anomaly is found?
A detailed specialist scan is arranged to characterise the finding. Depending on the result, genetic testing, specialist referrals, and counselling may be recommended.
Can structural anomalies be treated before birth?
Some conditions can be treated in utero (before birth), though this is relatively rare. Most anomalies are managed by planning delivery at a centre with appropriate neonatal facilities.
What happens after an anomaly is found?
Dr. Kartik will explain the finding clearly, arrange further imaging or tests where needed, and discuss management options. Many anomalies are manageable; some require delivery planning at a specialised centre.
Can anomalies be treated before birth?
Certain anomalies can be managed with in-utero interventions in specialised centres. Most are planned for after birth. The approach depends on the specific condition.
Related Conditions
Chromosomal & Genetic Screening
Screening and diagnostic tests to assess the risk of chromosomal conditions such as Down syndrome.
Detailed Anomaly Scans
A comprehensive ultrasound examination at 18–22 weeks to check the baby's structural development in detail.
Fetal Echocardiography
A specialised ultrasound examination focused on the baby's heart structure and function.
Reviewed by Dr. Kartik Balaraman, Consultant OBGYN & Maternal Fetal Medicine Sub-Specialist ·
This page is for general education and does not replace personalised medical advice. If you have concerns about your pregnancy or health, consult a qualified specialist directly.