Procedures & Gynaecology
Endometriosis
A condition where tissue similar to the womb lining grows outside the uterus, causing pain and potentially affecting fertility.
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue similar to the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) grows outside the uterus — commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, and pelvic lining. It affects an estimated 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. The misplaced tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, causing inflammation, pain, and the formation of adhesions (scar tissue).
Why is it a Concern?
Endometriosis can cause chronic pelvic pain that significantly impacts quality of life, and is one of the leading causes of female infertility. It may also complicate pregnancy, with some studies suggesting increased risks of preterm birth and placenta previa. Many women experience a significant delay in diagnosis — on average 7–10 years from symptom onset.
Signs & Symptoms
- Painful periods (dysmenorrhoea) — often progressively worsening
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Pain during or after intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Pain with bowel movements or urination, especially during menstruation
- Heavy or irregular periods
- Difficulty conceiving
- Fatigue
How It is Monitored
Diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms and pelvic examination, supported by ultrasound (particularly for ovarian endometriomas). Definitive diagnosis traditionally requires laparoscopy. Management ranges from pain relief and hormonal therapy to surgical treatment, depending on symptom severity, fertility wishes, and extent of disease.
Why See an MFM Specialist?
For women with endometriosis who become pregnant, MFM expertise ensures appropriate monitoring for associated pregnancy risks. For those struggling with fertility, an OBGYN with deep understanding of endometriosis can guide the path from diagnosis through treatment to conception.
Dr. Kartik Balaraman Manages This Condition
Dr. Kartik provides comprehensive endometriosis assessment and management, including its impact on fertility and pregnancy. If you suspect endometriosis or have been diagnosed, consult Dr. Kartik.
Book ConsultationFrequently Asked Questions
Can I get pregnant with endometriosis?
Many women with endometriosis conceive naturally. However, endometriosis can affect fertility, and some women may benefit from fertility treatment. Early assessment and management improve the chances of conception.
Does endometriosis go away after pregnancy?
Pregnancy may temporarily suppress symptoms due to hormonal changes, but endometriosis typically returns after pregnancy and breastfeeding end. It is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management.
Is surgery always necessary?
No. Treatment depends on symptoms, severity, and fertility goals. Many women are managed effectively with hormonal medication. Surgery is considered when symptoms are severe, when there are significant endometriomas, or when fertility is a priority.
Will endometriosis affect my pregnancy?
Most women with endometriosis have normal pregnancies. Evidence suggests slightly increased rates of miscarriage or preterm birth, so closer monitoring is often recommended.
How is endometriosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms and pelvic examination, often supported by ultrasound. Definitive diagnosis has traditionally required laparoscopy, though imaging techniques are improving rapidly.
Related Conditions
Uterine Fibroids
Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause symptoms and potentially affect pregnancy.
Recurrent Miscarriage
The loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies, requiring thorough investigation to identify treatable causes.
High-Risk Pregnancy
A pregnancy that requires closer monitoring due to factors that increase the chance of complications for the mother or baby.
Reviewed by Dr. Kartik Balaraman, Consultant OBGYN & Maternal Fetal Medicine Sub-Specialist ·
This page is for general education and does not replace personalised medical advice. If you have concerns about your pregnancy or health, consult a qualified specialist directly.